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Medical Oncology deals not only with treatment of patients with cancer, but it also covers cancer prevention, cancer screening and early diagnosis.

What is Medical Oncology?

Medical Oncology is a medical department that deals not only with treatment of patients with cancer, but it also covers cancer prevention, cancer screening and early diagnosis. In other words, medical oncology deals with all aspects of cancer. Moreover, the department cooperates with surgery and radiology departments for diagnosis and treatment of cancer in order to plan a multidisciplinary approach in the light of scientific data.

What types of treatments are available?

Treatment covers medicines that are injected into blood vessels or given by mouth. However, actual treatment varies by type of cancer. Treatment is planned in line with histological type of cancer, origin organ and the range of metastasis. Adjuvant therapy aims reduction of relapse risk, while neoadjuvant therapy makes tumor ready for operation or protects an organ and palliative treatment intends to prolong the life time and increase quality of life in advanced stage diseases. These treatments can be used alone or in combination.

Which Methods Are Used in Medical Oncology?

Chemotherapy (medication treatment)

Chemotherapy aims to destroy cancerous cells that grow uncontrollably due to certain genetic changes. In most cases, several medicines are combined due to unique action of mechanism to kill cancer cells.

Drugs were first used in early 20th century for cancer chemotherapy. While Mustard gas was used in the First and Second World Wars, it was discovered that the gas reduced white blood cell counts and therefore, it was considered that it would have same effect on quickly dividing and growing cancer cells. It was intravenously administered in 1940s to treat lymphomas and it was a successful therapeutic step in the circumstances of those days. This development paved the way for investigation of other substances that may be effective in anti-cancer treatment. Today, numerous chemotherapeutic agents are developed.

Hormone Therapy

Hormonal medicines are used to manage hormone-sensitive tumors, such as prostate and breast cancers. These drugs are usually given by mouth.

Another administration route is injection.

Immunotherapy

Substances that are naturally synthesized by immune system are used to identify and kill cancer cells by stimulating immune system of body.

Targeted Biological Therapy

Biological therapies are guided to certain targets that are carried by cancer cells, but are not found in healthy cells and these therapies are deemed the most important advancement of the last decade in treatment of cancers. Targeted therapies are used in various types of cancers, especially including breast cancer, colon cancer and renal cell tumors.

Which Types of Cancers Are Treated By Medical Oncology?

Medical oncology modalities treat certain cancers: breast cancer; lung cancer; gastrointestinal cancers; pancreatic cancers; liver cancers; gall bladder and bile duct tumors; head and neck tumors; osteosarcoma and soft tissue sarcomas; brain tumors; kidney and urinary bladder tumors; prostate cancer; malignant melanoma; thyroid cancer; ovarian cancer; cervical cancer; endometrial cancer; testicular cancer; lymphomas; and multiple myeloma.

Published by Acıbadem Web and Medical Content Editorial Board Update Date: Tuesday, February 4, 2020 Publish Date: Monday, January 27, 2020

Hospitals

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Doctors

Doctors specialized in Oncology listed as below:

Medical Technologies

All medical technologies specialized in Oncology :

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